| In vitro study | Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium has been shown to inhibit HIV-1 activity with an ED 50 of 0.19 μg/mL in MT-4 cells. It inhibits HIV-1 antigen expression in HUT-78 cells at an ED 50 of 0.02 μg/mL, and complete inhibition of HIV-1 antigen expression is obtained at a concentration of 4.0 μg/mL. Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium suppresses NF-κB, decreases the proinflammatory actions of TNFα, and decreases high glucose and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) stimulated MCP-1 production. |
| In vivo study | Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium has been shown to decreases interstitial inflammation and glomerulosclerosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Pentosan polysulfate treatment preserves renal function, significantly reduces albuminuria, and markedly decreases the severity of renal lesions, including tubulointerstitial inflammation. Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium also reduces upregulation of TNFα and proinflammatory genes in aging diabetic kidneys. |
| biological activity | Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium is an orally bioavailable semi-synthetic drug, has anti-inflammatory and chondrogenic properties. Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium is also an effective and selective anti-HIV drug. Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium is used in the study of interstitial cystitis. |